The project development objective of the PBS operation is to protect and promote the delivery of basic services by sub-national governments while deepening transparency and local accountability in service delivery.The Project has four components:Component 1 on the Basic Services Sub-Program to maintain the delivery of basic services provided by regional and local governments, comprising: (a) financing of sub-national delivery of basic services; and (b) monitoring of (i) the level and timeliness of funding allocations for basic services to ensure additionality targets are met, (ii) the fair application of distributional rules, and (iii) actual spending levels on basic services and its distribution.Component 2 on the Health MDG Performance Facility Sub-Program to provide predictable financing for those critical inputs for primary health service delivery subprogram that cannot be efficiently financed at Woreda level through the block-grant supported under Component 1. It will support three types of activities: (i) procurement and distribution of critical health Commodities; (ii) Capacity building; and (iii) Strengthening of procurement and logistics.Component 3 on Government Systems on Financial Transparency and Accountability Sub-Program which will support activities at the Regional/City Administrations, Woreda and sub-Woreda levels to significantly enhance transparency around public budget procedures (budget preparation, expenditure and audits); and, foster broad engagement, strengthened voice and client power of citizen representative groups and citizens more broadly on public budget processes and public service delivery.Component 4 on Social Accountability, will through a World Bank administered Multi-donor Trust Fund, support capacity-building for, and piloting of, selected large-scale pilot initiatives aimed at stregtheningcitizen voice and enhancing accountability of public sector service providers to citizens. These pilot initiatives will be implemented by CSOs. The component will also work to build demand-side pressure for accountability to public budgeting process and will build capacity of citizens to engage in the public budget process.